新建文件 app\Exceptions\ApiException.php

<?php

namespace App\Exceptions;

class ApiException extends \Exception
{
    const ERROR_CODE = '1';
    const ERROR_MSG  = 'Operation failure!';

    private $data = [];
    private $meta = [];

    public function __construct(string $message, $data = [], $meta = [], string $code = '1')
    {
        $this->code = $code;
        $this->message = __($message ?: self::ERROR_MSG); // 支持多语言
        $this->data = $data;
        $this->meta = $meta;
    }

    // 方便获取 data数据
    public function getData()
    {
        return $this->data;
    }

    // 方便获取 meta数据
    public function getMeta()
    {
        return $this->meta;
    }

    public function render()
    {
        return response()->json([
            'code' => $this->code,
            'msg' => $this->getMessage(),
            'meta' => $this->getMeta(),
            'data' => $this->getData(),
        ], 200);
    }
}

修改文件 app\Exceptions\Handler.php

在 $dontReport 数组中，添加刚刚新建的异常类 ApiException::class 即可

<?php

namespace App\Exceptions;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler;
use Throwable;

class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
{
    /**
     * A list of the exception types that are not reported.
     * 不需要抛出异常的列表
     * @var array
     */
    protected $dontReport = [
        ApiException::class, // 此处添加新建的异常类即可，其他地方无需修改
    ];

    /**
     * A list of the inputs that are never flashed for validation exceptions.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $dontFlash = [
        'password',
        'password_confirmation',
    ];

    /**
     * Register the exception handling callbacks for the application.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function register()
    {
        $this->reportable(function (Throwable $e) {
            //
        });
    }
}

使用方法 1

$msg = '错误信息';
$data = [
    'data_a' => 'data_a',
    'data_b' => 'data_b',
];
$meta = [
    'meta_a' => 'meta_a',
    'meta_b' => 'meta_b',
];
throw new ApiException($msg, $data, $meta);

使用方法 2

$msg = '错误信息';
$data = [
    'data_a' => 'data_a',
    'data_b' => 'data_b',
];
$meta = [
    'meta_a' => 'meta_a',
    'meta_b' => 'meta_b',
];
try {
    throw new ApiException($msg, $data, $meta);
} catch (ApiException $exception) {
    dd($exception->getMessage(), $exception->getData(), $exception->getMeta());
}